All Tools VerseUnicode vs UTF-8 vs UTF-16: Text Encoding Untangled
One sentence untangles it: Unicode assigns numbers, the UTFs write bytes. With real byte values, the emoji that breaks length checks, and the mojibake cure.
Blog
Gray Code: One Bit at a Time (and Why It Matters)
A volume knob between 7 and 8 can briefly read 15: the representation problem, the reordering that fixes it, and the one-line trick that converts.
Two's Complement: Negative Numbers in Binary
Binary has no minus sign, so negatives are a convention: the one that won lets the same circuit add and subtract, and its edge cases explain real bugs.
Bitwise AND, OR, XOR: What the Bits Are Doing
Three column-by-column rules sit under permissions, masks and checksums: CC and AA run through all three operations, then each rule gets its job title.
CSS Units: px, rem, em, vw and When Each Wins
The unit choice is the accessibility choice: why px font sizes ignore user settings, where em compounding bites, and the decision table that ends the debate.
CSS Clip-Path Shapes: Hexagons, Arrows and Dividers
One line of CSS breaks the rectangle: the shapes worth knowing, the slanted divider that replaced background images, and the two behaviors that surprise.
CSS Gradients: Linear, Radial, Conic with Examples
Free decoration with hostile syntax: the three gradient types, the color-stop rules that make them look designed, and why blue to yellow turns gray.
Flexbox vs Grid: Pick the Right Layout Tool
One dimension against two is the surface; the real difference is who is in charge. Know the structure first, use grid; let content decide, use flexbox.
Box Shadows: Elevation, Neumorphism, Glassmorphism
The same property pushed in three directions: layered material elevation, the rigid neumorphism recipe, and the backdrop-filter glass that needs a rich background.
CSS Generators: Visual Tools for Faster Styling
Your eyes judge a shadow faster than your memory recalls its syntax: the full map of CSS generators and the discipline that makes them tutors, not crutches.
Hash, Encode, Escape: Security Basics for the Web
Mixing up hashing, encoding and escaping is how passwords end up in base64: the three problems, the right tool for each, and the rules that prevent XSS.
Cron Expressions: Read and Write Them in 5 Minutes
Cron fits on an index card: the field order, the special characters, the expressions you will actually use, and the traps that page people at 3 AM.