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Convert Landscape to Portrait (and Portrait to Landscape)

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To convert a landscape image to portrait, or a portrait image to landscape, you change which side of the picture is the long one. A landscape photo is wider than it is tall, a portrait photo is taller than it is wide, and many uses force one or the other. A phone wallpaper needs portrait, a desktop wallpaper needs landscape, a Reel or TikTok needs portrait, a YouTube thumbnail needs landscape. This guide shows how to convert an image between landscape and portrait, and when to use rotation instead.

In this guide

What image orientation means

Orientation is about the ratio of width to height. A landscape image is wider than it is tall, often something like 16:9 or 4:3. A portrait image is the reverse, taller than it is wide, often 9:16 or 3:4. Same picture content can exist in either orientation, but the framing and the way it fits on a screen change completely between the two.

Changing orientation is one of the most common image conversions, alongside the format conversions covered in our guide to online converters. It is also one of the most misunderstood, because there are two different ways to do it.

Convert landscape to portrait

The landscape to portrait converter takes a wide image and produces a tall one, fit for phone screens, Reels, Stories, and any vertical layout. It changes the canvas itself, not just the rotation, so the result is genuinely a portrait image rather than a landscape image tipped on its side.

This is the right tool when you have a landscape photo and need a portrait version of the same scene, for example a 16:9 photo that has to fit a 9:16 Story frame.

Convert portrait to landscape

The reverse goes the same way. The vertical to horizontal image converter takes a tall image and produces a wide one, fit for desktop backgrounds, YouTube thumbnails, and anything horizontal. Vertical and portrait mean the same thing here, as do horizontal and landscape, the names just come from different traditions.

When to rotate instead of convert

Rotation is different from changing orientation. If a photo is simply turned the wrong way, for example a portrait shot that opens as if it were landscape because the camera saved it sideways, you do not want to convert the canvas, you want to rotate the image by 90 degrees so it looks right.

The rotate image tool handles those quarter-turn fixes, as well as flipping a picture upside down with a 180 degree rotation. Use this when the image content is already in the right orientation but is rotated incorrectly.

What happens to the content

Converting between landscape and portrait genuinely changes the shape of the canvas, so something has to give. Either the picture is cropped, with parts of the frame trimmed off to fit the new shape, or it is fitted with extra space added at the top and bottom, or the sides, to keep the whole picture visible. Both are valid, and the right choice depends on whether the framing or the completeness of the image matters more.

For social platforms that crop aggressively, planning the conversion in advance keeps the important part of the picture in the kept area.

Free orientation tools used in this guide

When you actually need this

Social media is the main reason. Instagram Stories and Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts are vertical, while a landscape photo from a regular camera fits none of them well. The same applies in reverse for YouTube videos, blog headers, and desktop wallpapers, where a portrait phone shot needs reshaping to fit. Print is another reason, since a flyer designed in portrait and a banner designed in landscape demand opposite source images.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between landscape and portrait?

Landscape is wider than tall, portrait is taller than wide. Most cameras shoot landscape by default, while phones held upright shoot portrait.

How do I convert a landscape photo to portrait?

A landscape to portrait converter changes the canvas from wide to tall, producing a genuine portrait image rather than a tipped sideways landscape one.

What is the difference between rotating and changing orientation?

Rotating turns the image without changing the canvas shape, which fixes a photo saved the wrong way. Changing orientation reshapes the canvas itself from wide to tall or back.

Will my image lose quality when I change orientation?

The conversion itself does not lose pixel data. Quality loss only comes from cropping, which removes parts of the image, or from saving the result in a lossy format like JPG.

What size is portrait for Instagram Stories?

The standard Stories and Reels ratio is 9:16, often used at 1080 by 1920 pixels. A landscape photo needs converting to that ratio to fit without black bars.

Convert BSON to JSON and Reshape CSV Data

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To convert BSON to JSON, you decode the binary form a database stores into the readable text form developers work with. BSON is the format MongoDB uses internally, and a raw BSON dump is unreadable until you convert it. Alongside it, CSV files often need reshaping rather than converting: a wrong separator, columns and rows the wrong way around, or values that break because of a stray comma. This guide covers both, the real conversions in the data world and the fixes that go with them.

In this guide

Convert BSON to JSON

BSON, short for binary JSON, is how MongoDB stores documents on disk. It holds the same kind of data as JSON, but in a compact binary form that also records types JSON does not handle natively, such as dates and raw binary. The cost is that you cannot read it directly.

The BSON to JSON converter decodes that binary into clean, readable JSON, which is what you need when inspecting a database export or debugging stored documents. Once it is JSON, you can read it, validate it, or feed it into other tools. Both formats are covered in our guide to JSON and CSV tools.

Decode Base64 into JSON or CSV

Data is often wrapped in Base64 before it is stored or sent, so the first step is to unwrap it. The Base64 to JSON converter and the Base64 to CSV converter decode that wrapper back into usable JSON or a CSV table. There is more on Base64 payloads in our guide to online converters.

Change a CSV delimiter

CSV stands for comma separated values, but the separator is not always a comma. Many European systems use a semicolon, because in those locales the comma is the decimal point. Open a semicolon file in software expecting commas and every row collapses into a single column. The CSV delimiter converter swaps one separator for another so the file opens correctly wherever you need it.

Turn CSV columns into rows

Sometimes the data is correct but oriented the wrong way, with categories running across the top when you need them down the side. The CSV columns to rows converter transposes the file, flipping columns into rows in one step, which saves rebuilding the table by hand.

Fix CSV quoting

CSV has one well-known weakness. Because fields are separated by commas, a value that itself contains a comma, such as Smith, John, gets split into two columns unless it is wrapped in quotes. The add quotes to CSV tool applies that protection across a file, and the CSV quotes converter adjusts quoting that exists but is in the wrong style. Together they stop a file from breaking when it reaches another program.

Free data tools used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

What is BSON and how do I convert it to JSON?

BSON is the binary form of JSON used by MongoDB. A BSON to JSON converter decodes it into readable JSON you can inspect or validate.

What is the difference between BSON and JSON?

They hold the same kind of data, but BSON stores it as compact binary and records extra types like dates and binary data. JSON is the readable text form.

Why does my CSV open as a single column?

It most likely uses a different separator than your software expects, often a semicolon instead of a comma. Changing the delimiter fixes it.

How do I stop a comma inside a value from breaking my CSV?

Wrap the value in quotes so the comma is read as text rather than a column break. An add quotes to CSV tool does this across the whole file.

Can I flip a CSV so columns become rows?

Yes. A CSV columns to rows converter transposes the file, turning columns into rows in one step.

Convert BMP to PNG, JPG, GIF or WebP

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To convert BMP to PNG, JPG, GIF, or WebP, you re-save the image in a format that compresses it, because BMP itself does not. A BMP file stores every pixel in full with no compression, so the same picture that is six megabytes as a BMP can be a small fraction of that in almost any other format. This guide shows how to convert BMP to each common format, and which one to pick for your image.

In this guide

Why BMP files need converting

BMP stores an image as raw pixels with no compression at all. That makes it simple and lossless, but also very large: a full-screen image can run to several megabytes as a BMP while the identical picture is well under a megabyte in a compressed format. Most websites, email systems, and apps either reject BMP files or struggle with their size, which is why converting is almost always the first step. The format itself is covered in our guide to BMP files.

Converting does not change what the image looks like in any meaningful way, it just stores the same picture far more efficiently.

Convert BMP to PNG

PNG is the safest default. It is lossless, so it keeps every detail of the original exactly, while still compressing the file to a fraction of the BMP size. It also supports transparency. The BMP to PNG converter is the right choice for screenshots, logos, diagrams, and anything with sharp edges or text, where you want no quality loss at all.

Convert BMP to JPG

JPG produces the smallest files for photographs. It is lossy, meaning it discards some detail the eye is unlikely to notice in exchange for a much smaller size, and it does not support transparency. The BMP to JPG converter, and the identical BMP to JPEG converter, suit photos and complex images where the small quality trade is worth the smaller file.

Convert BMP to WebP

WebP is the modern format that usually beats both. It compresses smaller than JPG at similar quality and smaller than PNG for the same image, and it supports transparency too. The BMP to WebP converter is the best pick when the image is for the web and you want the smallest file without giving up quality.

Convert BMP to GIF

GIF is limited to 256 colours, so it is not suited to photographs, but it is fine for simple graphics with few colours, and it is the format for short looping animations. The BMP to GIF converter handles that narrower set of cases.

Which format should you choose

Convert toBest forQualityTransparency
PNGScreenshots, logos, text, graphicsLosslessYes
JPGPhotographsLossy, smallest for photosNo
WebPAnything for the webLossy or lossless, smallest overallYes
GIFSimple graphics, animation256 colours onlyLimited

In short: PNG when you want no quality loss, JPG for the smallest photo, WebP for the web, and GIF only for simple or animated graphics.

Free BMP converters used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

What is the best format to convert BMP to?

PNG is the safest default, since it is lossless and much smaller than BMP. Use JPG for the smallest photo files, and WebP for the smallest files on the web.

Why is my BMP file so large?

BMP stores every pixel with no compression, so it is far larger than formats like PNG or JPG that compress the same image.

Does converting BMP to PNG lose quality?

No. PNG is lossless, so converting from BMP keeps every detail of the original while making the file much smaller.

Should I convert BMP to JPG or PNG?

Use JPG for photographs where the smallest file matters, and PNG for screenshots, text, or graphics where you want no quality loss and possibly transparency.

Is BMP to JPEG the same as BMP to JPG?

Yes. JPG and JPEG are two names for the same format, so the two converters produce the same result.

Convert Base64 to JSON, CSV or Hex

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To convert Base64 to JSON, you decode the Base64 text back into the structured data it was wrapped from. Base64 is often used to carry a JSON payload, a CSV file, or raw bytes through systems that only handle plain text, and the result is an unreadable string until you decode it. This guide shows how to convert Base64 to JSON, CSV, hex, and plain text, with a free tool for each, and what to check when the decoded result still does not look right.

In this guide

Base64 as a wrapper around data

Base64 does not change what data is, only how it is written. A JSON object, a CSV table, or a block of bytes gets rewritten as a single text string so it can ride safely inside an API response, a token, or a database field. To use that data again, you decode it back to its original form. The background on the encoding itself is in our guide to Base64 encoding.

The converters below each assume a different thing is hiding inside the string, and they decode it accordingly.

Convert Base64 to JSON

This is the most common case for developers. API payloads, configuration, and the body of a JWT token are frequently JSON wrapped in Base64. The Base64 to JSON converter decodes the string and returns the JSON, ready to read or validate.

A quick signal: a Base64 string that begins with the characters eyJ is almost always JSON, because that is how an opening brace and quote encode. It is exactly why JWT tokens start that way. If yours starts with eyJ, expect JSON on the other side. To then check the structure, our guide to JSON and CSV tools covers the analyzer.

Convert Base64 to CSV

Tabular data is also carried this way, often when a spreadsheet export is attached to a request or stored as a single field. The Base64 to CSV converter decodes the string back into rows and columns you can open in a spreadsheet program.

Convert Base64 to hex

Sometimes you need the underlying bytes rather than a guessed format. The Base64 to hex converter shows the decoded data as hexadecimal, two characters per byte. This is the tool to reach for when you are inspecting unknown data and want to see its raw bytes, since hex reveals file signatures and structure that text would hide.

Convert Base64 to plain text

When the data is simply text, two converters return it directly. The Base64 to UTF-8 converter handles modern text with accents, other alphabets, and symbols, while the Base64 to ASCII converter is fine for plain English. If your decoded text shows odd characters where accents should be, switch to the UTF-8 tool.

Decoded but still unreadable

If a string decodes without error but the result is still gibberish, the data was probably not plain text or JSON to begin with. The most common reasons are that it was compressed before encoding, or encrypted, in which case decoding Base64 only removes the outer text wrapper and leaves the compressed or encrypted bytes underneath. Viewing it as hex often makes this clear, since a recognisable file signature at the start tells you what the real format is.

Free Base64 converters used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert Base64 to JSON?

Paste the string into a Base64 to JSON converter. It decodes the text and returns the JSON it was wrapped from, ready to read or validate.

Why does my Base64 string start with eyJ?

Because eyJ is how an opening brace and quote encode in Base64, so a string starting with it is almost always JSON. JWT tokens start this way for the same reason.

What if the decoded data is still unreadable?

The data was likely compressed or encrypted before encoding. Decoding Base64 removes only the text wrapper, leaving those bytes underneath. Viewing it as hex helps identify the real format.

Should I use the ASCII or UTF-8 converter?

Use UTF-8 for text with accents, other alphabets, or symbols. ASCII is fine for plain English. If accents look wrong, switch to UTF-8.

Is decoding Base64 reversible?

Yes. Base64 is a lossless wrapper, so the decoded data is exactly what was encoded, with nothing added or removed.

Convert Base64 to Image or PDF

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To convert Base64 to an image, you decode the text back into the picture it was made from. Base64 is a way of writing binary data, like a photo or an icon, as plain text so it can travel inside HTML, CSS, JSON, or an email. That text looks like a long random string, but it is a complete image waiting to be turned back. This guide shows how to convert Base64 to an image or a PDF, and what to do when the string will not decode.

In this guide

Why files become Base64

Many systems only handle plain text safely. Email bodies, JSON payloads, and the data URLs embedded in web pages were all built around text, and raw binary sent through them can be corrupted. Base64 solves that by rewriting the binary file as text characters, so an image can be carried inside a line of CSS or a JSON field. The trade-off is size, since Base64 text is about a third larger than the original, and that it is unreadable until decoded. The full background is in our guide to Base64 encoding.

When you receive data in that form, you need to reverse it, and that is exactly what these converters do.

Convert Base64 to an image

The Base64 to image converter takes a Base64 string and rebuilds the original picture, which you can then view or save as a normal file. It handles the common formats, so a string that started as a PNG comes back as a PNG and a JPEG comes back as a JPEG. You paste the string, and the image appears.

If your data is specifically a WebP image, the Base64 to WebP converter rebuilds it in that format directly.

Preview a Base64 image

Sometimes you only need to see what a Base64 string contains, not save it. The Base64 image preview tool renders the image straight from the string so you can check it at a glance. This is handy when you are debugging and have a long encoded value but no idea what picture is hiding inside it.

Convert Base64 to PDF

Images are not the only files encoded this way. Documents are often carried as Base64 inside API responses and stored data. The Base64 to PDF converter decodes the string back into a working PDF you can open and save, the same idea as the image converter applied to documents.

When the string will not decode

If a converter rejects your string, the cause is usually one of two things. The first is the data URL prefix. A Base64 image copied from a web page often starts with something like data:image/png;base64, before the actual data. That prefix is not part of the Base64 itself, and some tools want only the part after the comma.

The second is a broken or incomplete string, where characters were lost in copying or the padding equals signs at the end were cut off. A quick way to sanity-check what you have: a Base64 PNG begins with the characters iVBOR, and a Base64 JPEG begins with /9j/. If yours starts with one of those, the data is probably intact and the prefix is the thing to remove.

Free Base64 converters used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert a Base64 string to an image?

Paste the string into a Base64 to image converter. It decodes the text back into the original picture, which you can then view or save as a file.

What does the data:image prefix mean?

It is a data URL prefix that marks the string as an embedded image. It is not part of the Base64 data, and some converters want only the part after the comma.

Can I tell what format a Base64 image is?

Often yes. A Base64 PNG starts with the characters iVBOR, and a Base64 JPEG starts with /9j/, which gives away the format before you decode it.

Why is my Base64 string larger than the original file?

Base64 represents three bytes of data as four text characters, so the encoded text is about a third larger than the file it came from.

Can I convert Base64 back to a PDF?

Yes. A Base64 to PDF converter decodes the string into a working PDF document you can open and save.

Convert Text to Morse Code

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To convert text to Morse code, each letter is replaced by its own pattern of dots and dashes. The word SOS becomes … — …, three short signals, three long, three short. Morse code was built in the 1830s to send messages over a telegraph wire using nothing but short and long pulses, and it still works the same way today. This guide explains how Morse code works, gives the full alphabet, and shows how to convert text to Morse code in one step.

In this guide

What Morse code is

Morse code is a way of representing letters, numbers, and punctuation as sequences of two signals: a short one called a dot and a long one called a dash. It was created for the electric telegraph, where the only thing you could send down the wire was a pulse that was either short or long. With just those two signals, any message can be spelled out one character at a time.

It is one of the oldest character encodings still in use, and it belongs to the same family of text conversions covered in our guide to online converters: text in, a different representation out.

How it works: dots, dashes and timing

Each character is a pattern of dots and dashes. The letter A is dot dash, written .-, and the letter B is dash dot dot dot, written -… Timing keeps them apart. A dash lasts about three times as long as a dot, a short gap separates the dots and dashes inside one letter, a longer gap separates letters, and a longer gap still separates words. That spacing is what lets a listener tell where one letter ends and the next begins.

Convert text to Morse code

Looking up each letter by hand is slow, so the text to Morse code converter does it instantly. You type or paste your text, and it returns the matching dots and dashes, correctly spaced between letters and words. It is the quick way to turn a name, a message, or a phrase into Morse without memorising the alphabet.

The Morse code alphabet

This is the International Morse Code used worldwide. Letters and digits each have a fixed pattern.

LetterCodeLetterCodeDigitCode
A.-N-.0—–
B-…O—1.—-
C-.-.P.–.2..—
D-..Q–.-3…–
E.R.-.4….-
F..-.S…5…..
G–.T–6-….
H….U..-7–…
I..V…-8—..
J.—W.–9—-.
K-.-X-..-
L.-..Y-.–
M—Z–..

SOS and why E is a single dot

The most famous Morse signal is SOS, written … — …, chosen as a distress call because the pattern is simple and unmistakable even in poor conditions. It is easy to send and easy to recognise, which is exactly what you want in an emergency.

Look at the alphabet and you will notice the most common English letters have the shortest codes. E is a single dot and T is a single dash, while rare letters like Q and Y are four signals long. That was deliberate: Morse gave frequent letters short patterns so that ordinary messages could be sent as quickly as possible.

Where Morse is still used

Morse is no longer the backbone of communication it once was, but it has not disappeared. Amateur radio operators still use it because it carries further than voice on a weak signal. It appears in aviation and maritime identification beacons, and it remains a reliable last resort, since a dot and a dash can be sent with a light, a sound, or a tap when nothing else is available.

Free converter used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert text to Morse code?

Replace each letter with its dot-and-dash pattern from the Morse alphabet. The text to Morse code converter does it instantly, with correct spacing between letters and words.

What is SOS in Morse code?

SOS is … — …, three dots, three dashes, three dots. It was chosen as a distress signal because the pattern is simple and hard to mistake.

What is the difference between a dot and a dash?

A dot is a short signal and a dash is a long one, lasting about three times as long as a dot. The timing between them marks where one letter ends and the next begins.

Why is the letter E just one dot?

E is the most common letter in English, so Morse gave it the shortest possible code to make everyday messages faster to send.

Is Morse code still used today?

Yes. It is used in amateur radio, in some aviation and maritime beacons, and as a reliable emergency signal that can be sent by light, sound, or touch.

Convert ASCII to Hex, Binary, Decimal and More

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Converting ASCII to hex means taking each character of text and writing its number code in hexadecimal. The letter A has the ASCII code 65, which is 41 in hex, so the text A becomes 41. The same idea lets you convert ASCII to binary, decimal, octal, Unicode, and more, because every character is really just a number underneath. This guide covers the full set of ASCII converters and shows what each one is for.

In this guide

ASCII: every character is a number

ASCII is the standard that gives every basic character a number. The capital letter A is 65, lowercase a is 97, the digit 0 is 48, and a space is 32. Once a character is a number, it can be written in any base or encoding, which is exactly what these converters do.

So an ASCII converter is really a two-step tool: it looks up each character’s number, then writes that number in the format you asked for. The numbers come from the same table behind our guide to online converters, and they are what makes every conversion below possible.

Convert ASCII to hex, binary, decimal and octal

The most common ASCII conversions write each character’s code in a different number base. The ASCII to hex converter is the one people reach for most, since hex is the compact form used in programming and data inspection. The ASCII to binary converter shows the raw bits, and the ASCII to decimal converter gives the plain code numbers.

For the base-8 form, the ASCII to octal converter does the same job in octal. All four take the same text and differ only in how they write each character’s code.

Convert ASCII to Unicode and UTF-8

ASCII only covers basic English characters. Unicode extends that to every writing system and symbol, and UTF-8 is the encoding that stores Unicode efficiently. The ASCII to Unicode converter maps text to its Unicode code points, and the ASCII to UTF-8 converter shows how those characters are stored as bytes. These matter the moment your text includes anything beyond plain English letters.

Convert ASCII to HTML entities and Base64

Two conversions prepare text for specific destinations. The ASCII to HTML entities converter rewrites characters that have special meaning in web pages, such as the angle brackets in tags, so they display as text instead of being read as code.

The ASCII to Base64 converter packages text into the Base64 form used to carry data safely through email, URLs, and JSON. Both take ordinary text and make it safe for a place that would otherwise mangle it.

One letter, every format

The capital letter A has the ASCII code 65. In hex that is 41, in binary it is 01000001, in decimal it is 65, and in octal it is 101. Every converter above starts from that same code number and simply writes it in its own format. Nothing about the character changes, only the notation, which is why these conversions are exact and reversible.

Free ASCII converters used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert ASCII to hex?

Look up each character’s ASCII code, then write that code in hexadecimal. The ASCII to hex converter does both steps for the whole text at once.

What is the ASCII code for A in hex?

The capital letter A has the ASCII code 65, which is 41 in hexadecimal.

What is the difference between ASCII and Unicode?

ASCII covers basic English characters in a single byte each. Unicode covers every writing system and symbol, and UTF-8 stores it efficiently. Use a Unicode converter when text goes beyond plain English.

Why convert text to HTML entities?

Characters like angle brackets have special meaning in web pages. Converting them to HTML entities makes them display as text rather than being read as code.

Are ASCII conversions reversible?

Yes. They only change how each character’s code is written, so the text can be converted back without any loss.

Convert Binary to Decimal, Hex and Octal

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To convert binary to decimal, you add up the place values wherever the binary number has a 1. Binary 1101 has a 1 in the eight, four, and one positions, so it is 8 plus 4 plus 1, which is 13. The same binary string can also be written as hexadecimal or octal, and each is just a different, shorter way of showing the same value. This guide shows how to convert binary to decimal, hex, and octal, with the rule behind each and a free tool for the job.

In this guide

The place-value rule

Binary has two digits, 0 and 1, and each position is worth twice the one to its right: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on. Reading a binary number means adding the position values wherever a 1 sits. That single rule is the basis of every conversion here, and it is covered in more depth in our guide to number systems.

Decimal, hexadecimal, and octal are simply three different groupings of those same bits. Decimal is the everyday base-10 form, hex groups the bits in fours, and octal groups them in threes. Nothing about the underlying value changes between them.

Convert binary to decimal

Decimal is the base-10 system people count in, so converting binary to decimal turns a machine value into a number you can read at a glance. You add the place values for every 1 in the string, exactly as in the rule above.

For a short number this is quick, but for a long byte or a 16-bit value it is slow and easy to miscount, so the binary to decimal converter does it instantly. Paste the binary and it returns the decimal number.

Convert binary to hexadecimal

Hexadecimal uses sixteen digits, 0 to 9 then A to F, and its key feature is that one hex digit is exactly four bits. That makes hex the compact, readable form of binary used for colour codes, memory addresses, and raw byte data.

To convert by hand you split the binary into groups of four bits from the right and write each group as its hex digit. The binary to hex converter handles the grouping and lookup for you, which removes the most common mistake, splitting the bits in the wrong place.

Convert binary to octal

Octal uses eight digits, 0 to 7, and one octal digit is exactly three bits. It is the older shorthand still seen in Unix and Linux file permissions, where a value like 755 is octal. The binary to octal converter groups the bits in threes and returns the octal value.

One number, three formats

Take the byte 11010110. As decimal it is 214. Grouped into fours, 1101 and 0110, it is D6 in hex. Grouped into threes from the right, 11 010 110, it is 326 in octal. Three different notations, one identical value. Run any of them through the matching converter and you get the same result, because the conversion only changes how the value is written, never the value itself.

Free converters used in this guide

Why these conversions matter

Programmers meet all of these systems daily. A memory address is read in hex, a file permission is set in octal, and a calculated result is checked in decimal. Being able to move a value between them, or letting a converter do it, is part of routine debugging and low-level work. It is also the first thing most computer science courses teach, because it explains how a machine that only knows 0 and 1 can store any number at all.

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert binary to decimal?

Add the place values for every 1 in the binary string, where the positions from the right are worth 1, 2, 4, 8, and so on. A binary to decimal converter adds them up for you.

What is binary 1101 in decimal?

Binary 1101 is 8 plus 4 plus 1, which is 13 in decimal.

Why is hexadecimal grouped in fours?

Because one hexadecimal digit represents exactly four bits, so any group of four binary digits maps cleanly to a single hex digit.

Is converting binary to decimal reversible?

Yes. The value is identical in every base, so the conversion is lossless and the same number can be written back in binary without any change.

What is octal still used for?

Most commonly Unix and Linux file permissions, where a setting such as 755 is an octal number. One octal digit equals three bits.

Convert Binary to Text and Text to Binary

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To convert binary to text, you turn each group of eight bits back into the character it stands for. Computers store every letter and symbol as a number, and that number is held in binary, so a string like 01001000 01101001 is really just the word Hi written the way a machine keeps it. This guide shows how to convert binary to text and text to binary, explains the simple rule that connects the two, and points you to a tool for each direction.

In this guide

How text and binary connect

Every character has a number assigned to it by a standard called ASCII. The capital letter A is 65, lowercase a is 97, the digit 0 is 48, and a space is 32. A computer then stores that number in binary, using eight bits, which is one byte, for each character.

So converting between text and binary is really two steps joined together: character to number to binary, or binary to number to character. The numbers are the bridge, and they come from the same ASCII table covered in our guide to number systems. Once you see that text is just numbers in disguise, both conversions make sense.

Convert binary to text

To read binary as text, you split the string into groups of eight bits, turn each group into its decimal number, and look up the character that number represents. The group 01001000 is 72, which is the letter H.

Doing that by hand for a whole message is slow and easy to slip on, so the binary to text converter does it in one step. Paste the binary, and it returns the readable text. For binary that uses extended characters, the binary to UTF-8 decoder handles the wider character set, and the binary to ASCII converter is another route to the same result.

Convert text to binary

The reverse works the same way backwards: take each character, find its number, and write that number in eight bits. The letter H is 72, which in binary is 01001000.

The text to binary converter turns any text into its binary codes instantly, and the ASCII to binary converter does the same job. You type or paste the text, and you get back a binary string, one byte per character.

ASCII and UTF-8

Plain ASCII covers the basic English letters, digits, and common symbols, and each fits in a single byte. That is why a simple message converts cleanly to eight bits per character.

Modern text often goes beyond that, with accented letters, other alphabets, and emoji. These use a standard called UTF-8, which lets a single character take more than one byte when it needs to. If your binary represents anything beyond basic English, the UTF-8 decoder is the tool that reads it correctly, because a plain ASCII reading would only get the simplest characters right.

A worked example

Take the word Hi. The letter H is 72, which is 01001000 in binary. The letter i is 105, which is 01101001. Put them together and Hi becomes 01001000 01101001. Run that binary back through the binary to text converter and you get Hi again. The conversion is lossless, so nothing is added or removed in either direction.

Free converters used in this guide

Where this is used

Converting between binary and text comes up in learning and teaching how computers represent data, in puzzles and capture-the-flag challenges where a message is hidden as binary, and in debugging, where seeing the raw bits of a string helps explain an unexpected result. It is also a quick way to understand why a file that looks like gibberish is really just text the program read with the wrong rules.

Frequently asked questions

How do I convert binary to text?

Split the binary into groups of eight bits, turn each group into its number, and look up the matching character. A binary to text converter does all three steps for you at once.

How many bits is one character?

One basic ASCII character is eight bits, which is one byte. Characters beyond basic English use UTF-8 and can take more than one byte.

What is the binary for the letter A?

The capital letter A is the number 65, which in eight-bit binary is 01000001.

Is converting binary to text reversible?

Yes. The conversion is lossless, so text converted to binary and back returns exactly the original text.

Why does my binary not convert correctly?

Usually the bits are not grouped into clean bytes of eight, or the text uses characters beyond basic ASCII. For the second case, use a UTF-8 decoder rather than a plain ASCII reading.

Free Online Converters: The Complete Guide

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Free online converters do one job well: they take data in one format and hand it back in another. Convert a binary string into readable text, a BMP photo into a PNG, a Base64 blob into an image, a column of JSON into a CSV row. Each is a small, exact task that is slow and error-prone by hand and instant with the right tool. This guide is a map of the converters on this site, grouped by what they convert, so you can find the one you need and understand what it actually does.

In this guide

What an online converter does

A converter reads data in a source format and writes it out in a target format, without changing the underlying meaning. The number stays the same number, the image stays the same image, only the way it is written changes. That sounds simple, but every format has its own rules, and applying them by hand is where mistakes creep in.

The converters here all run in your browser. The data is processed on your own device and is not uploaded to a server, which matters when you are converting something private. None of them need an account, and there is no install. You paste or upload, you get the result.

Number system converters

Number system converters move a value between binary, decimal, hexadecimal, and octal. These are the most searched conversions in computing, because programmers meet all four systems daily. The binary to decimal converter turns a binary string into the everyday numbers people read, and the binary to hex converter packs it into the compact hex form used for colours and memory.

The binary to octal converter handles the base-8 form still used in Unix file permissions. The full set lives in the binary tools category and the number tools category.

Text and character converters

Text converters move between human-readable characters and the codes a computer stores them as. The binary to text converter turns a binary string back into words, and the text to binary converter does the reverse, which is the pair people search for most.

From there the character converters fan out. The ASCII to hex converter shows text as hex character codes, and for something different, the text to Morse code converter turns a message into dots and dashes. These and more sit in the text tools category.

Base64 and data converters

Base64 is the format that lets binary data travel as plain text, so converting to and from it is a constant need. The Base64 to image converter turns a Base64 string back into a viewable picture, and the Base64 to PDF converter does the same for documents.

For structured data, the Base64 to JSON converter decodes an encoded payload back into readable JSON, the form it usually started as before it was wrapped for transport.

Image format converters

Image converters change a picture from one file format to another while keeping the image itself unchanged. The strongest set here is built around BMP, the large uncompressed format that almost always needs converting to something smaller before sharing.

The BMP to PNG converter produces a lossless, much smaller file, and the BMP to JPG converter produces an even smaller one for photos where some quality loss is fine. The wider set is in the image tools category.

Data format converters

Data converters reshape structured data between the formats applications expect. The BSON to JSON converter turns the binary form used by databases such as MongoDB into readable JSON, and the CSV delimiter converter swaps the separator in a CSV file, the usual fix when a file made with semicolons will not open correctly. These live in the JSON tools category and the CSV tools category.

Choosing the right converter

Two questions point you to the right tool. First, what do you have, and what do you need it to become? That is the source and target pair, and it names the converter directly: a BMP you need as a PNG means the BMP to PNG converter. Second, does the conversion lose anything? Some conversions are lossless and reversible, such as binary to decimal. Others, like converting a photo to JPG, trade a little quality for a smaller file. Knowing which kind you are doing tells you whether you can convert back later without harm.

Popular free converters

Frequently asked questions

Are these converters free?

Yes. Every converter on the site is free, runs in your browser, and needs no account. The data is processed on your own device.

Is my data uploaded when I convert it?

No. The converters process data in your browser, so the file or text stays on your device rather than being sent to a server.

What is the difference between a lossless and a lossy conversion?

A lossless conversion keeps all the original data and can be reversed exactly, such as binary to decimal. A lossy conversion drops some detail for a smaller file, such as converting a photo to JPG.

Why will my CSV not open correctly?

It most likely uses a different separator than your software expects, often a semicolon instead of a comma. A CSV delimiter converter fixes it.

Can I convert a Base64 string back into a file?

Yes. A Base64 to image or Base64 to PDF converter decodes the string back into the original file you can view or save.

Color Tools and Accessibility: Convert, Pick and Check Colors

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Color tools turn a vague idea about color into exact, usable values. A designer can say a button should be a calm green, but a browser needs a precise code, a layout needs colors that read clearly for every visitor, and an image may already hold the perfect palette waiting to be pulled out. This guide covers the color tools on this site: how to convert between color formats, pick and sample colors, build palettes, and check that your colors work for everyone who sees them.

In this guide

How color is written: hex, RGB and HSL

A color on a screen is made of red, green, and blue light mixed together, and there are three common ways to write that mix. Each describes the same colors, chosen for whoever is reading the value.

Hex is six characters after a hash symbol, two each for red, green, and blue, so #1D9E75 is one specific green. RGB writes the same thing as three numbers from 0 to 255, such as rgb(29, 158, 117). HSL takes a different angle: hue as a position from 0 to 360 around a color wheel, then saturation and lightness as percentages. HSL is the easiest of the three to adjust by hand, because nudging the lightness value does exactly what it sounds like.

Converting between color formats

You will often have a color in one format and need it in another. A brand guide gives you a hex code, a graphics program wants RGB, and you reach for HSL when you want to lighten a shade without changing anything else.

The color converter translates a color between hex, RGB, and HSL instantly, so a value from one source drops cleanly into a tool that expects another.

Picking and sampling colors

Sometimes you do not have a code at all, you just know the color you want when you see it. The color picker lets you choose a color visually and read back its exact hex and RGB values. It is the bridge between that one and a precise value you can paste into a stylesheet or a design file.

Building color palettes

A single color is rarely enough. A design needs a small set of colors that work together, and assembling that set by guesswork is slow. The color palette generator builds a coordinated palette you can start from.

When a color scheme you like already exists somewhere, in a photograph, a screenshot, or a piece of artwork, the color palette extractor pulls the main colors out of that image so you can reuse them exactly instead of trying to match them by eye.

Color contrast and readability

Color is not only about how a design looks. It decides whether people can read it. Text that sits too close in color to its background is tiring to read, and for a visitor with low vision it can be impossible.

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines set a clear standard for this. Normal text should have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5 to 1 against its background, and larger text at least 3 to 1. The color contrast checker measures the ratio between a text color and a background color and tells you whether it meets the standard, so a readability problem is caught before the page goes live, not after.

Designing for color blindness

Around one in twelve men and one in two hundred women have some form of color blindness, most commonly difficulty telling red and green apart. For them, a design that carries meaning through color alone can simply fail.

The classic example is a form that marks errors in red and successes in green with nothing else to tell them apart. To a red-green color blind visitor, those two states can look identical. The color blindness simulator shows how a design appears to people with different types of color blindness, so you can spot a problem like that and add a second signal, an icon or a label, before it ships. The full set of color tools lives in the image tools category, and each one runs in your browser with no signup.

Free color tools used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between hex and RGB?

They describe the same color in different notation. Hex writes it as six characters after a hash symbol, and RGB writes it as three numbers from 0 to 255 for red, green, and blue.

What is a good color contrast ratio?

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines set 4.5 to 1 as the minimum contrast for normal text and 3 to 1 for large text.

How do I get the colors out of an image?

The color palette extractor reads a photo or screenshot and pulls out its main colors, so you can reuse a scheme that already exists.

Why should I check a design for color blindness?

About one in twelve men have some form of color blindness. A design that signals meaning through color alone can be unreadable for them, so it is worth testing.

Are these tools free?

Yes. Every color tool on the site is free, runs in your browser, and needs no account.

JSON and CSV Tools: Validate, Convert and Reshape Data

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JSON and CSV tools solve the same underlying problem: data that needs to be checked, converted, or reshaped before it will work. JSON and CSV are the two formats most data travels in, one built for structure and nesting, the other for plain tables, and both break in small, frustrating ways. A single missing comma can invalidate a whole JSON file, and a stray comma inside a value can shift every column in a CSV. This guide explains both formats and the tools that handle them.

In this guide

JSON and CSV: two shapes of data

JSON, short for JavaScript Object Notation, stores data as named values that can nest inside one another. It suits anything with structure: a configuration file, an API response, a record with fields inside fields. The cost of that flexibility is fragility. JSON has strict rules about commas, quotes, and brackets, and one misplaced character invalidates the entire file.

CSV, short for comma separated values, is the opposite. It stores data as a flat table of rows and columns, the shape a spreadsheet uses. It is simple and universal, but it has no room for nesting, and it has one notorious weakness around the comma itself. Knowing which format you are dealing with decides which tool you need.

Checking and reading JSON

Because a single error breaks a whole JSON file, the first step with any JSON is usually to check it. The JSON analyzer reads a JSON file, confirms whether it is valid, and shows its structure clearly, so a missing bracket or a trailing comma is easy to spot rather than hunting for it line by line.

This matters most when JSON comes from somewhere you do not control, such as an API response or a file from another system. Checking it first turns a vague error elsewhere into a precise location you can fix.

Getting data into JSON

Data does not always arrive as clean JSON. The BSON to JSON converter turns BSON, the binary form of JSON used by databases such as MongoDB, into readable text you can actually inspect.

When JSON has been wrapped inside an encoded string, which happens often in API payloads and stored data, the Base64 to JSON converter decodes it back into plain JSON. Both turn data you cannot read into data you can.

Reshaping CSV files

CSV files are simple, but they rarely arrive in exactly the shape you need. The comma is the standard separator, yet many European systems use a semicolon instead, because in those locales the comma is the decimal point. Open a semicolon file in software expecting commas and every row collapses into one column. The CSV delimiter tool swaps one separator for another so the file opens correctly.

Sometimes the problem is orientation rather than separators. The CSV columns to rows tool transposes a file, turning columns into rows, which is the quick fix when data was exported the wrong way around.

The CSV quoting problem

CSV has one weakness worth understanding on its own. The format separates fields with commas, so what happens when a field contains a comma, such as the address 10 Downing Street, London or the name Smith, John? Without protection, that comma is read as a column break, and every column after it shifts out of place.

The fix is quoting: a field containing a comma is wrapped in quotation marks so the comma inside is treated as text. The add quotes to CSV tool applies that protection across a file, and the CSV quotes converter adjusts quoting that is already there but in the wrong style.

Sharing and protecting data

Two more tools help when JSON leaves your hands. The JSON screenshot tool turns a JSON structure into a clean image, which is useful for documentation or for showing a structure to someone without sending a raw file.

Before sharing real data, the JSON censor tool redacts sensitive values, such as keys, tokens, or personal details, so you can hand over a JSON file for debugging without exposing what should stay private. The full set of these tools lives in the JSON tools category and the wider developer tools category.

Free data tools used in this guide

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between JSON and CSV?

JSON stores structured data that can nest, which suits configuration and API responses. CSV stores a flat table of rows and columns, which suits spreadsheets. JSON handles complexity, CSV handles simple tables.

Why does my JSON file show an error?

JSON has strict rules about commas, quotes, and brackets, and one misplaced character invalidates the whole file. A JSON analyzer shows you exactly where the problem is.

Why does my CSV open as a single column?

The file most likely uses a different separator than your software expects, often a semicolon instead of a comma. Changing the delimiter fixes it.

Why do some CSV values have quotation marks?

A value that contains a comma must be wrapped in quotes, otherwise that comma is read as a column break and the columns shift. Quoting keeps the value intact.

Are these tools free?

Yes. Every JSON and CSV tool on the site is free, runs in your browser, and needs no account.